Effects of vessel distance and sex on the behavior of endangered killer whales

From the abstract: “Our findings, suggesting that female killer whales are at greater risk to close approaches by vessels, highlight the importance of understanding sex-specific responses to disturbance. These findings can inform future management decisions seeking to preserve foraging opportunities and enhance recovery efforts relevant to many cetacean species, including vulnerable and endangered populations.”

Authors: Marla M. Holt, Jennifer B. Tennessen, Eric J. Ward, M. Bradley Hanson, Candice K. Emmons, Deborah A. Giles, Jeffrey T. Hogan
Journal: Frontiers in Marine Science
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.582182

Photo credit: Candice Emmons, NOAA

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